Suchergebnisse

"Mining supplies numerous raw minerals that are essential for economic development. In many cases, however, mineral extraction causes severe destruction of the environment. Large areas can be literally erased by excavation and dumping of overburden. In addition, mining and postprocessing of raw materials may accelerate weathering processes and chemically alter the environment through, for example, acidification or pollution by heavy metals. Environmental damage brings the necessity for ecosystem reconstruction in affected areas. Numerous approaches to land reclamation have been developed. Natural processes collectively referred to as ecological succession, however, bring about gradual ecosystem development without the assistance of man. These processes may be relatively slow, particularly in their early stages, but there are many examples of how they have led to the development of functional ecosystems in the long-term, typically after several decades. In this book, we pay attention to the study of these successional processes. Firstly, only comparisons between the results of reclamation technologies and those of natural succession at unreclaimed sites of the same age can provide us with real information about the added value of reclamation. Secondly, a better understanding of natural succession processes may inspire numerous future improvements to restoration technologies. Finally, post-mining sites represent an excellent model for studying succession processes and may substantially improve our knowledge about these ecological phenomena"--Provided by publisher

Intro -- Obsah -- Slovo úvodem -- Co je to environmentální výzkum, z čeho vychází a kam směřuje? -- Globální změna klimatu -- Vliv klimatických změn na biodiverzitu -- Nepůvodní druhy rostlin, možné příčiny a důsledky invazí -- Antropogenní disturbance v krajině a ochrana životního prostředí -- Příklad disturbance: gradace lýkožrouta na Šumavě -- Antropogenní acidifikace povrchových vod -- Nové typy polutantů - endokrinní disruptory v životním prostředí a jejich biodegradace -- Nové poznatky a výzvy v ochraně ovzduší -- Vliv životního a pracovního prostředí a životního stylu na lidské zdraví -- Člověk a příroda v minulosti Českých zemí. Od pravěku ke globální společnosti -- Indikátory společenského metabolismu -- Globální změny a environmentální bezpečnost lidské společnosti -- Hodnocení environmentálních efektů jako součást "evidence-based policy": Případová studie - Skryté náklady těžby uhlí za limity -- Environmentální vzdělávání a výchova -- Účinnost a působení českého práva životního prostředí -- Bibliografie -- Summary.

Ecological restoration is key to counteracting anthropogenic degradation of biodiversity and to reducing disaster risk. However, there is limited knowledge of barriers hindering the wider implementation of restoration practices, despite high level political priority to halt the loss of biodiversity. In Europe, progress on ecological restoration has been slow and insufficient to meet international agreements and comply with European Union Nature Directives. We assessed European restoration experts' perceptions on barriers to restoration in Europe, and their relative importance, through a multiple expert consultation using a Delphi process. We found that experts share a common multi‐dimensional concept of ecological restoration. Experts identified a large number of barriers (33) to the advancement of ecological restoration in Europe. Major barriers pertained to the socio‐economic, not the environmental, domain. The three most important being insufficient funding, conflicting interests among different stakeholders and low political priority given to restoration. Our results emphasize the need to increase political commitment at all levels, comply with existing nature laws, and optimize the use of financial resources by increasing funds for ecological restoration and eradicate environmentally harmful subsidies. The experts also call for the integration of ecological restoration into land‐use planning and facilitating stakeholders' collaboration. Our study identifies key barriers, discusses ways to overcome the main barriers to ER in Europe, and contributes knowledge to support the implementation of the European Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, and the EU 2030 Restoration Plan in particular. ; We appreciate the support given by BiodivERsA (project funded under the EU Horizon 2020 ERA-NET COFUND scheme), and the EKLIPSE project (European Union Horizon 2020 grant agreement 690474), and particularly by Juliette C. Young. JCS research is financially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Education and Universities and European Regional Development Funds (FEDER; project COSTERA, RTI2018-095954-B-I00). PMRG research is funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through FCT Investigator Program grant number IF/00059/2015, and Centro de Estudos Florestais is supported by FCT grants UID/AGR/00239/2019 and UIDB/00239/2020.